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mininet-project/mininet/node.py

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"""
Node objects for Mininet.
Nodes provide a simple abstraction for interacting with hosts, switches
and controllers. Local nodes are simply one or more processes on the local
machine.
Node: superclass for all (primarily local) network nodes.
Host: a virtual host. By default, a host is simply a shell; commands
may be sent using Cmd (which waits for output), or using sendCmd(),
which returns immediately, allowing subsequent monitoring using
monitor(). Examples of how to run experiments using this
functionality are provided in the examples/ directory. By default,
hosts share the root file system, but they may also specify private
directories.
CPULimitedHost: a virtual host whose CPU bandwidth is limited by
RT or CFS bandwidth limiting.
Switch: superclass for switch nodes.
UserSwitch: a switch using the user-space switch from the OpenFlow
reference implementation.
OVSSwitch: a switch using the Open vSwitch OpenFlow-compatible switch
implementation (openvswitch.org).
OVSBridge: an Ethernet bridge implemented using Open vSwitch.
Supports STP.
IVSSwitch: OpenFlow switch using the Indigo Virtual Switch.
Controller: superclass for OpenFlow controllers. The default controller
is controller(8) from the reference implementation.
OVSController: The test controller from Open vSwitch.
NOXController: a controller node using NOX (noxrepo.org).
Ryu: The Ryu controller (https://osrg.github.io/ryu/)
RemoteController: a remote controller node, which may use any
arbitrary OpenFlow-compatible controller, and which is not
created or managed by Mininet.
Future enhancements:
- Possibly make Node, Switch and Controller more abstract so that
they can be used for both local and remote nodes
- Create proxy objects for remote nodes (Mininet: Cluster Edition)
"""
import os
import pty
import re
import signal
import select
from re import findall
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
from sys import exit # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
from time import sleep
from mininet.log import info, error, warn, debug
from mininet.util import ( quietRun, errRun, errFail, moveIntf, isShellBuiltin,
numCores, retry, mountCgroups, BaseString, decode,
encode, getincrementaldecoder, Python3, which,
StrictVersion )
from mininet.moduledeps import moduleDeps, pathCheck, TUN
from mininet.link import Link, Intf, TCIntf, OVSIntf
# pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
class Node( object ):
"""A virtual network node is simply a shell in a network namespace.
We communicate with it using pipes."""
portBase = 0 # Nodes always start with eth0/port0, even in OF 1.0
def __init__( self, name, inNamespace=True, **params ):
"""name: name of node
inNamespace: in network namespace?
privateDirs: list of private directory strings or tuples
params: Node parameters (see config() for details)"""
# Make sure class actually works
self.checkSetup()
self.name = params.get( 'name', name )
self.privateDirs = params.get( 'privateDirs', [] )
self.inNamespace = params.get( 'inNamespace', inNamespace )
# Python 3 complains if we don't wait for shell exit
self.waitExited = params.get( 'waitExited', Python3 )
# Stash configuration parameters for future reference
self.params = params
# dict of port numbers to interfaces
self.intfs = {}
# dict of interfaces to port numbers
# todo: replace with Port objects, eventually ?
self.ports = {}
self.nameToIntf = {} # dict of interface names to Intfs
# Make pylint happy
( self.shell, self.execed, self.pid, self.stdin, self.stdout,
self.lastPid, self.lastCmd, self.pollOut ) = (
None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None )
self.waiting = False
self.readbuf = ''
# Incremental decoder for buffered reading
self.decoder = getincrementaldecoder()
# Start command interpreter shell
self.master, self.slave = None, None # pylint
self.startShell()
self.mountPrivateDirs()
# File descriptor to node mapping support
# Class variables and methods
inToNode = {} # mapping of input fds to nodes
outToNode = {} # mapping of output fds to nodes
@classmethod
def fdToNode( cls, fd ):
"""Return node corresponding to given file descriptor.
fd: file descriptor
returns: node"""
node = cls.outToNode.get( fd )
return node or cls.inToNode.get( fd )
# Command support via shell process in namespace
def startShell( self, mnopts=None ):
"Start a shell process for running commands"
if self.shell:
error( "%s: shell is already running\n" % self.name )
return
# mnexec: (c)lose descriptors, (d)etach from tty,
# (p)rint pid, and run in (n)amespace
opts = '-cd' if mnopts is None else mnopts
if self.inNamespace:
opts += 'n'
# bash -i: force interactive
# -s: pass $* to shell, and make process easy to find in ps
# prompt is set to sentinel chr( 127 )
cmd = [ 'mnexec', opts, 'env', 'PS1=' + chr( 127 ),
'bash', '--norc', '--noediting',
'-is', 'mininet:' + self.name ]
# Spawn a shell subprocess in a pseudo-tty, to disable buffering
# in the subprocess and insulate it from signals (e.g. SIGINT)
# received by the parent
self.master, self.slave = pty.openpty()
self.shell = self._popen( cmd, stdin=self.slave, stdout=self.slave,
stderr=self.slave, close_fds=False )
# XXX BL: This doesn't seem right, and we should also probably
# close our files when we exit...
self.stdin = os.fdopen( self.master, 'r' )
self.stdout = self.stdin
self.pid = self.shell.pid
self.pollOut = select.poll()
self.pollOut.register( self.stdout )
# Maintain mapping between file descriptors and nodes
# This is useful for monitoring multiple nodes
# using select.poll()
self.outToNode[ self.stdout.fileno() ] = self
self.inToNode[ self.stdin.fileno() ] = self
self.execed = False
self.lastCmd = None
self.lastPid = None
self.readbuf = ''
# Wait for prompt
while True:
data = self.read( 1024 )
if data[ -1 ] == chr( 127 ):
break
self.pollOut.poll()
self.waiting = False
# +m: disable job control notification
self.cmd( 'unset HISTFILE; stty -echo; set +m' )
def mountPrivateDirs( self ):
"mount private directories"
# Avoid expanding a string into a list of chars
assert not isinstance( self.privateDirs, BaseString )
for directory in self.privateDirs:
if isinstance( directory, tuple ):
# mount given private directory
privateDir = directory[ 1 ] % self.__dict__
mountPoint = directory[ 0 ]
self.cmd( 'mkdir -p %s' % privateDir )
self.cmd( 'mkdir -p %s' % mountPoint )
self.cmd( 'mount --bind %s %s' %
( privateDir, mountPoint ) )
else:
# mount temporary filesystem on directory
self.cmd( 'mkdir -p %s' % directory )
self.cmd( 'mount -n -t tmpfs tmpfs %s' % directory )
def unmountPrivateDirs( self ):
"mount private directories"
for directory in self.privateDirs:
if isinstance( directory, tuple ):
self.cmd( 'umount ', directory[ 0 ] )
else:
self.cmd( 'umount ', directory )
def _popen( self, cmd, **params ):
"""Internal method: spawn and return a process
cmd: command to run (list)
params: parameters to Popen()"""
# Leave this is as an instance method for now
assert self
popen = Popen( cmd, **params ) # pylint: disable=consider-using-with
debug( '_popen', cmd, popen.pid )
return popen
def cleanup( self ):
"Help python collect its garbage."
# We used to do this, but it slows us down:
# Intfs may end up in root NS
# for intfName in self.intfNames():
# if self.name in intfName:
# quietRun( 'ip link del ' + intfName )
if self.shell:
# Close ptys
self.stdin.close()
os.close(self.slave)
if self.waitExited:
debug( 'waiting for', self.pid, 'to terminate\n' )
self.shell.wait()
self.shell = None
# Subshell I/O, commands and control
def read( self, size=1024 ):
"""Buffered read from node, potentially blocking.
size: maximum number of characters to return"""
count = len( self.readbuf )
if count < size:
data = os.read( self.stdout.fileno(), size - count )
self.readbuf += self.decoder.decode( data )
if size >= len( self.readbuf ):
result = self.readbuf
self.readbuf = ''
else:
result = self.readbuf[ :size ]
self.readbuf = self.readbuf[ size: ]
return result
def readline( self ):
"""Buffered readline from node, potentially blocking.
returns: line (minus newline) or None"""
self.readbuf += self.read( 1024 )
if '\n' not in self.readbuf:
return None
pos = self.readbuf.find( '\n' )
line = self.readbuf[ 0: pos ]
self.readbuf = self.readbuf[ pos + 1: ]
return line
def write( self, data ):
"""Write data to node.
data: string"""
os.write( self.stdin.fileno(), encode( data ) )
def terminate( self ):
"Send kill signal to Node and clean up after it."
self.unmountPrivateDirs()
if self.shell:
if self.shell.poll() is None:
os.killpg( self.shell.pid, signal.SIGHUP )
self.cleanup()
def stop( self, deleteIntfs=False ):
"""Stop node.
deleteIntfs: delete interfaces? (False)"""
if deleteIntfs:
self.deleteIntfs()
self.terminate()
def waitReadable( self, timeoutms=None ):
"""Wait until node's output is readable.
timeoutms: timeout in ms or None to wait indefinitely.
returns: result of poll()"""
if len( self.readbuf ) == 0:
return self.pollOut.poll( timeoutms )
return None
def sendCmd( self, *args, **kwargs ):
"""Send a command, followed by a command to echo a sentinel,
and return without waiting for the command to complete.
args: command and arguments, or string
printPid: print command's PID? (False)"""
assert self.shell and not self.waiting
printPid = kwargs.get( 'printPid', False )
# Allow sendCmd( [ list ] )
if len( args ) == 1 and isinstance( args[ 0 ], list ):
cmd = args[ 0 ]
# Allow sendCmd( cmd, arg1, arg2... )
elif len( args ) > 0:
cmd = args
# Convert to string
if not isinstance( cmd, str ):
cmd = ' '.join( [ str( c ) for c in cmd ] )
if not re.search( r'\w', cmd ):
# Replace empty commands with something harmless
cmd = 'echo -n'
self.lastCmd = cmd
# if a builtin command is backgrounded, it still yields a PID
if len( cmd ) > 0 and cmd[ -1 ] == '&':
# print ^A{pid}\n so monitor() can set lastPid
cmd += ' printf "\\001%d\\012" $! '
elif printPid and not isShellBuiltin( cmd ):
cmd = 'mnexec -p ' + cmd
self.write( cmd + '\n' )
self.lastPid = None
self.waiting = True
def sendInt( self, intr=chr( 3 ) ):
"Interrupt running command."
debug( 'sendInt: writing chr(%d)\n' % ord( intr ) )
self.write( intr )
def monitor( self, timeoutms=None, findPid=True ):
"""Monitor and return the output of a command.
Set self.waiting to False if command has completed.
timeoutms: timeout in ms or None to wait indefinitely
findPid: look for PID from mnexec -p"""
ready = self.waitReadable( timeoutms )
if not ready:
return ''
data = self.read( 1024 )
pidre = r'\[\d+\] \d+\r\n'
# Look for PID
marker = chr( 1 ) + r'\d+\r\n'
if findPid and chr( 1 ) in data:
# suppress the job and PID of a backgrounded command
if re.findall( pidre, data ):
data = re.sub( pidre, '', data )
# Marker can be read in chunks; continue until all of it is read
while not re.findall( marker, data ):
data += self.read( 1024 )
markers = re.findall( marker, data )
if markers:
self.lastPid = int( markers[ 0 ][ 1: ] )
data = re.sub( marker, '', data )
# Look for sentinel/EOF
if len( data ) > 0 and data[ -1 ] == chr( 127 ):
self.waiting = False
data = data[ :-1 ]
elif chr( 127 ) in data:
self.waiting = False
data = data.replace( chr( 127 ), '' )
return data
def waitOutput( self, verbose=False, findPid=True ):
"""Wait for a command to complete.
Completion is signaled by a sentinel character, ASCII(127)
appearing in the output stream. Wait for the sentinel and return
the output, including trailing newline.
verbose: print output interactively"""
log = info if verbose else debug
output = ''
while self.waiting:
data = self.monitor( findPid=findPid )
output += data
log( data )
return output
def cmd( self, *args, **kwargs ):
"""Send a command, wait for output, and return it.
cmd: string"""
verbose = kwargs.get( 'verbose', False )
log = info if verbose else debug
log( '*** %s : %s\n' % ( self.name, args ) )
if self.shell:
self.sendCmd( *args, **kwargs )
return self.waitOutput( verbose )
else:
warn( '(%s exited - ignoring cmd%s)\n' % ( self, args ) )
return None
def cmdPrint( self, *args):
"""Call cmd and printing its output
cmd: string"""
return self.cmd( *args, **{ 'verbose': True } )
def popen( self, *args, **kwargs ):
"""Return a Popen() object in our namespace
args: Popen() args, single list, or string
kwargs: Popen() keyword args"""
defaults = { 'stdout': PIPE, 'stderr': PIPE,
'mncmd':
[ 'mnexec', '-da', str( self.pid ) ] }
defaults.update( kwargs )
shell = defaults.pop( 'shell', False )
if len( args ) == 1:
if isinstance( args[ 0 ], list ):
# popen([cmd, arg1, arg2...])
cmd = args[ 0 ]
elif isinstance( args[ 0 ], BaseString ):
# popen("cmd arg1 arg2...")
cmd = [ args[ 0 ] ] if shell else args[ 0 ].split()
else:
raise Exception( 'popen() requires a string or list' )
elif len( args ) > 0:
# popen( cmd, arg1, arg2... )
cmd = list( args )
if shell:
cmd = [ os.environ[ 'SHELL' ], '-c' ] + [ ' '.join( cmd ) ]
# Attach to our namespace using mnexec -a
cmd = defaults.pop( 'mncmd' ) + cmd
popen = self._popen( cmd, **defaults )
return popen
def pexec( self, *args, **kwargs ):
"""Execute a command using popen
returns: out, err, exitcode"""
popen = self.popen( *args, stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE,
**kwargs )
# Warning: this can fail with large numbers of fds!
out, err = popen.communicate()
exitcode = popen.wait()
return decode( out ), decode( err ), exitcode
# Interface management, configuration, and routing
# BL notes: This might be a bit redundant or over-complicated.
# However, it does allow a bit of specialization, including
# changing the canonical interface names. It's also tricky since
# the real interfaces are created as veth pairs, so we can't
# make a single interface at a time.
def newPort( self ):
"Return the next port number to allocate."
if len( self.ports ) > 0:
return max( self.ports.values() ) + 1
return self.portBase
def addIntf( self, intf, port=None, moveIntfFn=moveIntf ):
"""Add an interface.
intf: interface
port: port number (optional, typically OpenFlow port number)
moveIntfFn: function to move interface (optional)"""
if port is None:
port = self.newPort()
self.intfs[ port ] = intf
self.ports[ intf ] = port
self.nameToIntf[ intf.name ] = intf
debug( '\n' )
debug( 'added intf %s (%d) to node %s\n' % (
intf, port, self.name ) )
if self.inNamespace:
debug( 'moving', intf, 'into namespace for', self.name, '\n' )
moveIntfFn( intf.name, self )
def delIntf( self, intf ):
"""Remove interface from Node's known interfaces
Note: to fully delete interface, call intf.delete() instead"""
port = self.ports.get( intf )
if port is not None:
del self.intfs[ port ]
del self.ports[ intf ]
del self.nameToIntf[ intf.name ]
def defaultIntf( self ):
"Return interface for lowest port"
ports = self.intfs.keys()
if ports:
return self.intfs[ min( ports ) ]
else:
warn( '*** defaultIntf: warning:', self.name,
'has no interfaces\n' )
return None
def intf( self, intf=None ):
"""Return our interface object with given string name,
default intf if name is falsy (None, empty string, etc).
or the input intf arg.
Having this fcn return its arg for Intf objects makes it
easier to construct functions with flexible input args for
interfaces (those that accept both string names and Intf objects).
"""
if not intf:
return self.defaultIntf()
elif isinstance( intf, BaseString):
return self.nameToIntf[ intf ]
else:
return intf
def connectionsTo( self, node):
"Return [ intf1, intf2... ] for all intfs that connect self to node."
# We could optimize this if it is important
connections = []
for intf in self.intfList():
link = intf.link
if link:
node1, node2 = link.intf1.node, link.intf2.node
if node1 == self and node2 == node:
connections += [ ( intf, link.intf2 ) ]
elif node1 == node and node2 == self:
connections += [ ( intf, link.intf1 ) ]
return connections
def deleteIntfs( self, checkName=True ):
"""Delete all of our interfaces.
checkName: only delete interfaces that contain our name"""
# In theory the interfaces should go away after we shut down.
# However, this takes time, so we're better off removing them
# explicitly so that we won't get errors if we run before they
# have been removed by the kernel. Unfortunately this is very slow,
# at least with Linux kernels before 2.6.33
for intf in list( self.intfs.values() ):
# Protect against deleting hardware interfaces
if ( self.name in intf.name ) or ( not checkName ):
intf.delete()
info( '.' )
# Routing support
def setARP( self, ip, mac ):
"""Add an ARP entry.
ip: IP address as string
mac: MAC address as string"""
result = self.cmd( 'arp', '-s', ip, mac )
return result
def setHostRoute( self, ip, intf ):
"""Add route to host.
ip: IP address as dotted decimal
intf: string, interface name"""
return self.cmd( 'route add -host', ip, 'dev', intf )
def setDefaultRoute( self, intf=None ):
"""Set the default route to go through intf.
intf: Intf or {dev <intfname> via <gw-ip> ...}"""
# Note setParam won't call us if intf is none
if isinstance( intf, BaseString ) and ' ' in intf:
params = intf
else:
params = 'dev %s' % intf
# Do this in one line in case we're messing with the root namespace
self.cmd( 'ip route del default; ip route add default', params )
# Convenience and configuration methods
def setMAC( self, mac, intf=None ):
"""Set the MAC address for an interface.
intf: intf or intf name
mac: MAC address as string"""
return self.intf( intf ).setMAC( mac )
def setIP( self, ip, prefixLen=8, intf=None, **kwargs ):
"""Set the IP address for an interface.
intf: intf or intf name
ip: IP address as a string
prefixLen: prefix length, e.g. 8 for /8 or 16M addrs
kwargs: any additional arguments for intf.setIP"""
return self.intf( intf ).setIP( ip, prefixLen, **kwargs )
def IP( self, intf=None ):
"Return IP address of a node or specific interface."
return self.intf( intf ).IP()
def MAC( self, intf=None ):
"Return MAC address of a node or specific interface."
return self.intf( intf ).MAC()
def intfIsUp( self, intf=None ):
"Check if an interface is up."
return self.intf( intf ).isUp()
# The reason why we configure things in this way is so
# That the parameters can be listed and documented in
# the config method.
# Dealing with subclasses and superclasses is slightly
# annoying, but at least the information is there!
def setParam( self, results, method, **param ):
"""Internal method: configure a *single* parameter
results: dict of results to update
method: config method name
param: arg=value (ignore if value=None)
value may also be list or dict"""
name, value = list( param.items() )[ 0 ]
if value is None:
return None
f = getattr( self, method, None )
if not f:
return None
if isinstance( value, list ):
result = f( *value )
elif isinstance( value, dict ):
result = f( **value )
else:
result = f( value )
results[ name ] = result
return result
def config( self, mac=None, ip=None,
defaultRoute=None, lo='up', **_params ):
"""Configure Node according to (optional) parameters:
mac: MAC address for default interface
ip: IP address for default interface
ifconfig: arbitrary interface configuration
Subclasses should override this method and call
the parent class's config(**params)"""
# If we were overriding this method, we would call
# the superclass config method here as follows:
# r = Parent.config( **_params )
r = {}
self.setParam( r, 'setMAC', mac=mac )
self.setParam( r, 'setIP', ip=ip )
self.setParam( r, 'setDefaultRoute', defaultRoute=defaultRoute )
# This should be examined
self.cmd( 'ifconfig lo ' + lo )
return r
def configDefault( self, **moreParams ):
"Configure with default parameters"
self.params.update( moreParams )
self.config( **self.params )
# This is here for backward compatibility
def linkTo( self, node, link=Link ):
"""(Deprecated) Link to another node
replace with Link( node1, node2)"""
return link( self, node )
# Other methods
def intfList( self ):
"List of our interfaces sorted by port number"
return [ self.intfs[ p ] for p in sorted( self.intfs.keys() ) ]
def intfNames( self ):
"The names of our interfaces sorted by port number"
return [ str( i ) for i in self.intfList() ]
def __repr__( self ):
"More informative string representation"
intfs = ( ','.join( [ '%s:%s' % ( i.name, i.IP() )
for i in self.intfList() ] ) )
return '<%s %s: %s pid=%s> ' % (
self.__class__.__name__, self.name, intfs, self.pid )
def __str__( self ):
"Abbreviated string representation"
return self.name
# Automatic class setup support
isSetup = False
@classmethod
def checkSetup( cls ):
"Make sure our class and superclasses are set up"
clas = cls
while clas and not getattr( clas, 'isSetup', True ):
clas.setup()
clas.isSetup = True
# Make pylint happy
clas = getattr( type( clas ), '__base__', None )
@classmethod
def setup( cls ):
"Make sure our class dependencies are available"
pathCheck( 'mnexec', 'ifconfig', moduleName='Mininet')
class Host( Node ):
"A host is simply a Node"
pass
class CPULimitedHost( Host ):
"CPU limited host"
def __init__( self, name, sched='cfs', **params ):
Host.__init__( self, name, **params )
# BL: Setting the correct period/quota is tricky, particularly
# for RT. RT allows very small quotas, but the overhead
# seems to be high. CFS has a minimum quota of 1 ms, but
# still does better with larger period values.
self.period_us = params.get( 'period_us', 100000 )
self.sched = sched
self.cgroupsInited = False
self.cgroup, self.rtprio = None, None
def initCgroups( self ):
"Deferred cgroup initialization"
if self.cgroupsInited:
return
# Initialize class if necessary
if not CPULimitedHost.inited:
CPULimitedHost.init()
# Create a cgroup and move shell into it
self.cgroup = 'cpu,cpuacct,cpuset:/' + self.name
errFail( 'cgcreate -g ' + self.cgroup )
# We don't add ourselves to a cpuset because you must
# specify the cpu and memory placement first
errFail( 'cgclassify -g cpu,cpuacct:/%s %s' % ( self.name, self.pid ) )
if self.sched == 'rt':
self.checkRtGroupSched()
self.rtprio = 20
def cgroupSet( self, param, value, resource='cpu' ):
"Set a cgroup parameter and return its value"
cmd = [ 'cgset', '-r', "%s.%s=%s" % (
resource, param, value), '/' + self.name ]
errFail( cmd )
nvalue = self.cgroupGet( param, resource )
if nvalue != str( value ):
error( '*** error: cgroupSet: %s set to %s instead of %s\n'
% ( param, nvalue, value ) )
return nvalue
def cgroupGet( self, param, resource='cpu' ):
"Return value of cgroup parameter"
pname = '%s.%s' % ( resource, param )
cmd = 'cgget -n -r %s /%s' % ( pname, self.name )
return quietRun( cmd )[len(pname)+1:].strip()
def cgroupDel( self ):
"Clean up our cgroup"
# info( '*** deleting cgroup', self.cgroup, '\n' )
_out, _err, exitcode = errRun( 'cgdelete -r ' + self.cgroup )
# Sometimes cgdelete returns a resource busy error but still
# deletes the group; next attempt will give "no such file"
return exitcode == 0 or ( 'no such file' in _err.lower() )
def popen( self, *args, **kwargs ):
"""Return a Popen() object in node's namespace
args: Popen() args, single list, or string
kwargs: Popen() keyword args"""
# Tell mnexec to execute command in our cgroup
mncmd = kwargs.pop( 'mncmd', [ 'mnexec', '-g', self.name,
'-da', str( self.pid ) ] )
# if our cgroup is not given any cpu time,
# we cannot assign the RR Scheduler.
if self.sched == 'rt':
if int( self.cgroupGet( 'rt_runtime_us', 'cpu' ) ) <= 0:
mncmd += [ '-r', str( self.rtprio ) ]
else:
debug( '*** error: not enough cpu time available for %s.' %
self.name, 'Using cfs scheduler for subprocess\n' )
return Host.popen( self, *args, mncmd=mncmd, **kwargs )
def cleanup( self ):
"Clean up Node, then clean up our cgroup"
super( CPULimitedHost, self ).cleanup()
retry( retries=3, delaySecs=.1, fn=self.cgroupDel )
_rtGroupSched = False # internal class var: Is CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED set?
@classmethod
def checkRtGroupSched( cls ):
"Check (Ubuntu,Debian) kernel config for CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED for RT"
if not cls._rtGroupSched:
release = quietRun( 'uname -r' ).strip('\r\n')
output = quietRun( 'grep CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED /boot/config-%s' %
release )
if output == '# CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED is not set\n':
error( '\n*** error: please enable RT_GROUP_SCHED '
'in your kernel\n' )
exit( 1 )
cls._rtGroupSched = True
def chrt( self ):
"Set RT scheduling priority"
quietRun( 'chrt -p %s %s' % ( self.rtprio, self.pid ) )
result = quietRun( 'chrt -p %s' % self.pid )
firstline = result.split( '\n' )[ 0 ]
lastword = firstline.split( ' ' )[ -1 ]
if lastword != 'SCHED_RR':
error( '*** error: could not assign SCHED_RR to %s\n' % self.name )
return lastword
def rtInfo( self, f ):
"Internal method: return parameters for RT bandwidth"
pstr, qstr = 'rt_period_us', 'rt_runtime_us'
# RT uses wall clock time for period and quota
quota = int( self.period_us * f )
return pstr, qstr, self.period_us, quota
def cfsInfo( self, f ):
"Internal method: return parameters for CFS bandwidth"
pstr, qstr = 'cfs_period_us', 'cfs_quota_us'
if self.cgversion == 'cgroup2':
pstr, qstr = 'max', ''
# CFS uses wall clock time for period and CPU time for quota.
quota = int( self.period_us * f * numCores() )
period = self.period_us
if f > 0 and quota < 1000:
debug( '(cfsInfo: increasing default period) ' )
quota = 1000
period = int( quota / f / numCores() )
# Reset to unlimited on negative quota
if quota < 0:
quota = 'max' if self.cgversion == 'cgroup2' else -1
return pstr, qstr, period, quota
# BL comment:
# This may not be the right API,
# since it doesn't specify CPU bandwidth in "absolute"
# units the way link bandwidth is specified.
# We should use MIPS or SPECINT or something instead.
# Alternatively, we should change from system fraction
# to CPU seconds per second, essentially assuming that
# all CPUs are the same.
def setCPUFrac( self, f, sched=None ):
"""Set overall CPU fraction for this host
f: CPU bandwidth limit (positive fraction, or -1 for cfs unlimited)
sched: 'rt' or 'cfs'
Note 'cfs' requires CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH,
and 'rt' requires CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED"""
if not sched:
sched = self.sched
if sched == 'rt':
if not f or f < 0:
raise Exception( 'Please set a positive CPU fraction'
' for sched=rt\n' )
pstr, qstr, period, quota = self.rtInfo( f )
elif sched == 'cfs':
pstr, qstr, period, quota = self.cfsInfo( f )
else:
return
# Set cgroup's period and quota
if self.cgversion == 'cgroup':
setPeriod = self.cgroupSet( pstr, period )
setQuota = self.cgroupSet( qstr, quota )
else:
setQuota, setPeriod = self.cgroupSet(
pstr, '%s %s' % (quota, period) ).split()
if sched == 'rt':
# Set RT priority if necessary
sched = self.chrt()
info( '(%s %s/%dus) ' % ( sched, setQuota, int( setPeriod ) ) )
def setCPUs( self, cores, mems=0 ):
"Specify (real) cores that our cgroup can run on"
if not cores:
return
if isinstance( cores, list ):
cores = ','.join( [ str( c ) for c in cores ] )
self.cgroupSet( resource='cpuset', param='cpus',
value=cores )
# Memory placement is probably not relevant, but we
# must specify it anyway
self.cgroupSet( resource='cpuset', param='mems',
value=mems)
# We have to do this here after we've specified
# cpus and mems
errFail( 'cgclassify -g cpuset:/%s %s' % (
self.name, self.pid ) )
# pylint: disable=arguments-differ
def config( self, cpu=-1, cores=None, **params ):
"""cpu: desired overall system CPU fraction
cores: (real) core(s) this host can run on
params: parameters for Node.config()"""
r = Node.config( self, **params )
self.initCgroups()
# Was considering cpu={'cpu': cpu , 'sched': sched}, but
# that seems redundant
self.setParam( r, 'setCPUFrac', cpu=cpu )
self.setParam( r, 'setCPUs', cores=cores )
return r
inited = False
cgversion = 'cgroup2'
@classmethod
def init( cls ):
"Initialization for CPULimitedHost class"
cls.cgversion = mountCgroups()
cls.inited = True
def unlimit( self ):
"Unlimit cpu for cfs"
if self.sched == 'cfs' and self.params.get( 'cpu', -1 ) != -1:
self.setCPUFrac( -1, sched=self.sched )
# Some important things to note:
#
# The "IP" address which setIP() assigns to the switch is not
# an "IP address for the switch" in the sense of IP routing.
# Rather, it is the IP address for the control interface,
# on the control network, and it is only relevant to the
# controller. If you are running in the root namespace
# (which is the only way to run OVS at the moment), the
# control interface is the loopback interface, and you
# normally never want to change its IP address!
#
# In general, you NEVER want to attempt to use Linux's
# network stack (i.e. ifconfig) to "assign" an IP address or
# MAC address to a switch data port. Instead, you "assign"
# the IP and MAC addresses in the controller by specifying
# packets that you want to receive or send. The "MAC" address
# reported by ifconfig for a switch data port is essentially
# meaningless. It is important to understand this if you
# want to create a functional router using OpenFlow.
class Switch( Node ):
"""A Switch is a Node that is running (or has execed?)
an OpenFlow switch."""
portBase = 1 # Switches start with port 1 in OpenFlow
dpidLen = 16 # digits in dpid passed to switch
def __init__( self, name, dpid=None, opts='', listenPort=None, **params):
"""dpid: dpid hex string (or None to derive from name, e.g. s1 -> 1)
opts: additional switch options
listenPort: port to listen on for dpctl connections"""
Node.__init__( self, name, **params )
self.dpid = self.defaultDpid( dpid )
self.opts = opts
self.listenPort = listenPort
if not self.inNamespace:
self.controlIntf = Intf( 'lo', self, port=0 )
def defaultDpid( self, dpid=None ):
"Return correctly formatted dpid from dpid or switch name (s1 -> 1)"
if dpid:
# Remove any colons and make sure it's a good hex number
dpid = dpid.replace( ':', '' )
assert len( dpid ) <= self.dpidLen and int( dpid, 16 ) >= 0
else:
# Use hex of the first number in the switch name
nums = re.findall( r'\d+', self.name )
if nums:
dpid = hex( int( nums[ 0 ] ) )[ 2: ]
else:
self.terminate() # Python 3.6 crash workaround
raise Exception( 'Unable to derive default datapath ID - '
'please either specify a dpid or use a '
'canonical switch name such as s23.' )
return '0' * ( self.dpidLen - len( dpid ) ) + dpid
def defaultIntf( self ):
"Return control interface"
if self.controlIntf:
return self.controlIntf
else:
return Node.defaultIntf( self )
def sendCmd( self, *cmd, **kwargs ):
"""Send command to Node.
cmd: string"""
kwargs.setdefault( 'printPid', False )
if not self.execed:
return Node.sendCmd( self, *cmd, **kwargs )
else:
error( '*** Error: %s has execed and cannot accept commands' %
self.name )
return None
def connected( self ):
"Is the switch connected to a controller? (override this method)"
# Assume that we are connected by default to whatever we need to
# be connected to. This should be overridden by any OpenFlow
# switch, but not by a standalone bridge.
debug( 'Assuming', repr( self ), 'is connected to a controller\n' )
return True
def stop( self, deleteIntfs=True ):
"""Stop switch
deleteIntfs: delete interfaces? (True)"""
if deleteIntfs:
self.deleteIntfs()
def __repr__( self ):
"More informative string representation"
intfs = ( ','.join( [ '%s:%s' % ( i.name, i.IP() )
for i in self.intfList() ] ) )
return '<%s %s: %s pid=%s> ' % (
self.__class__.__name__, self.name, intfs, self.pid )
class UserSwitch( Switch ):
"User-space switch."
dpidLen = 12
def __init__( self, name, dpopts='--no-slicing', **kwargs ):
"""Init.
name: name for the switch
dpopts: additional arguments to ofdatapath (--no-slicing)"""
Switch.__init__( self, name, **kwargs )
pathCheck( 'ofdatapath', 'ofprotocol',
moduleName='the OpenFlow reference user switch' +
'(openflow.org)' )
if self.listenPort:
self.opts += ' --listen=ptcp:%i ' % self.listenPort
else:
self.opts += ' --listen=punix:/tmp/%s.listen' % self.name
self.dpopts = dpopts
@classmethod
def setup( cls ):
"Ensure any dependencies are loaded; if not, try to load them."
if not os.path.exists( '/dev/net/tun' ):
moduleDeps( add=TUN )
def dpctl( self, *args ):
"Run dpctl command"
listenAddr = None
if not self.listenPort:
listenAddr = 'unix:/tmp/%s.listen' % self.name
else:
listenAddr = 'tcp:127.0.0.1:%i' % self.listenPort
return self.cmd( 'dpctl ' + ' '.join( args ) +
' ' + listenAddr )
def connected( self ):
"Is the switch connected to a controller?"
status = self.dpctl( 'status' )
return ( 'remote.is-connected=true' in status and
'local.is-connected=true' in status )
@staticmethod
def TCReapply( intf ):
"""Unfortunately user switch and Mininet are fighting
over tc queuing disciplines. To resolve the conflict,
we re-create the user switch's configuration, but as a
leaf of the TCIntf-created configuration."""
if isinstance( intf, TCIntf ):
ifspeed = 10000000000 # 10 Gbps
minspeed = ifspeed * 0.001
res = intf.config( **intf.params )
if res is None: # link may not have TC parameters
return
# Re-add qdisc, root, and default classes user switch created, but
# with new parent, as setup by Mininet's TCIntf
parent = res['parent']
intf.tc( "%s qdisc add dev %s " + parent +
" handle 1: htb default 0xfffe" )
intf.tc( "%s class add dev %s classid 1:0xffff parent 1: htb rate "
+ str(ifspeed) )
intf.tc( "%s class add dev %s classid 1:0xfffe parent 1:0xffff " +
"htb rate " + str(minspeed) + " ceil " + str(ifspeed) )
def start( self, controllers ):
"""Start OpenFlow reference user datapath.
Log to /tmp/sN-{ofd,ofp}.log.
controllers: list of controller objects"""
# Add controllers
clist = ','.join( [ 'tcp:%s:%d' % ( c.IP(), c.port )
for c in controllers ] )
ofdlog = '/tmp/' + self.name + '-ofd.log'
ofplog = '/tmp/' + self.name + '-ofp.log'
intfs = [ str( i ) for i in self.intfList() if not i.IP() ]
self.cmd( 'ofdatapath -i ' + ','.join( intfs ) +
' punix:/tmp/' + self.name + ' -d %s ' % self.dpid +
self.dpopts +
' 1> ' + ofdlog + ' 2> ' + ofdlog + ' &' )
self.cmd( 'ofprotocol unix:/tmp/' + self.name +
' ' + clist +
' --fail=closed ' + self.opts +
' 1> ' + ofplog + ' 2>' + ofplog + ' &' )
if "no-slicing" not in self.dpopts:
# Only TCReapply if slicing is enable
sleep(1) # Allow ofdatapath to start before re-arranging qdisc's
for intf in self.intfList():
if not intf.IP():
self.TCReapply( intf )
def stop( self, deleteIntfs=True ):
"""Stop OpenFlow reference user datapath.
deleteIntfs: delete interfaces? (True)"""
self.cmd( 'kill %ofdatapath' )
self.cmd( 'kill %ofprotocol' )
super( UserSwitch, self ).stop( deleteIntfs )
class OVSSwitch( Switch ):
"Open vSwitch switch. Depends on ovs-vsctl."
def __init__( self, name, failMode='secure', datapath='kernel',
inband=False, protocols=None,
reconnectms=1000, stp=False, batch=False, **params ):
"""name: name for switch
failMode: controller loss behavior (secure|standalone)
datapath: userspace or kernel mode (kernel|user)
inband: use in-band control (False)
protocols: use specific OpenFlow version(s) (e.g. OpenFlow13)
Unspecified (or old OVS version) uses OVS default
reconnectms: max reconnect timeout in ms (0/None for default)
stp: enable STP (False, requires failMode=standalone)
batch: enable batch startup (False)"""
Switch.__init__( self, name, **params )
self.failMode = failMode
self.datapath = datapath
self.inband = inband
self.protocols = protocols
self.reconnectms = reconnectms
self.stp = stp
self._uuids = [] # controller UUIDs
self.batch = batch
self.commands = [] # saved commands for batch startup
@classmethod
def setup( cls ):
"Make sure Open vSwitch is installed and working"
pathCheck( 'ovs-vsctl',
moduleName='Open vSwitch (openvswitch.org)')
# This should no longer be needed, and it breaks
# with OVS 1.7 which has renamed the kernel module:
# moduleDeps( subtract=OF_KMOD, add=OVS_KMOD )
out, err, exitcode = errRun( 'ovs-vsctl -t 1 show' )
if exitcode:
error( out + err +
'ovs-vsctl exited with code %d\n' % exitcode +
'*** Error connecting to ovs-db with ovs-vsctl\n'
'Make sure that Open vSwitch is installed, '
'that ovsdb-server is running, and that\n'
'"ovs-vsctl show" works correctly.\n'
'You may wish to try '
'"service openvswitch-switch start".\n' )
exit( 1 )
version = quietRun( 'ovs-vsctl --version' )
cls.OVSVersion = findall( r'\d+\.\d+', version )[ 0 ]
@classmethod
def isOldOVS( cls ):
"Is OVS ersion < 1.10?"
return ( StrictVersion( cls.OVSVersion ) <
StrictVersion( '1.10' ) )
def dpctl( self, *args ):
"Run ovs-ofctl command"
return self.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl', args[ 0 ], self, *args[ 1: ] )
def vsctl( self, *args, **kwargs ):
"Run ovs-vsctl command (or queue for later execution)"
if self.batch:
cmd = ' '.join( str( arg ).strip() for arg in args )
self.commands.append( cmd )
return None
else:
return self.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl', *args, **kwargs )
@staticmethod
def TCReapply( intf ):
"""Unfortunately OVS and Mininet are fighting
over tc queuing disciplines. As a quick hack/
workaround, we clear OVS's and reapply our own."""
if isinstance( intf, TCIntf ):
intf.config( **intf.params )
def attach( self, intf ):
"Connect a data port"
self.vsctl( 'add-port', self, intf )
self.cmd( 'ifconfig', intf, 'up' )
self.TCReapply( intf )
def detach( self, intf ):
"Disconnect a data port"
self.vsctl( 'del-port', self, intf )
def controllerUUIDs( self, update=False ):
"""Return ovsdb UUIDs for our controllers
update: update cached value"""
if not self._uuids or update:
controllers = self.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl -- get Bridge', self,
'Controller' ).strip()
if controllers.startswith( '[' ) and controllers.endswith( ']' ):
controllers = controllers[ 1 : -1 ]
if controllers:
self._uuids = [ c.strip()
for c in controllers.split( ',' ) ]
return self._uuids
def connected( self ):
"Are we connected to at least one of our controllers?"
for uuid in self.controllerUUIDs():
if 'true' in self.vsctl( '-- get Controller',
uuid, 'is_connected' ):
return True
return self.failMode == 'standalone'
def intfOpts( self, intf ):
"Return OVS interface options for intf"
opts = ''
if not self.isOldOVS():
# ofport_request is not supported on old OVS
opts += ' ofport_request=%s' % self.ports[ intf ]
# Patch ports don't work well with old OVS
if isinstance( intf, OVSIntf ):
intf1, intf2 = intf.link.intf1, intf.link.intf2
peer = intf1 if intf1 != intf else intf2
opts += ' type=patch options:peer=%s' % peer
return '' if not opts else ' -- set Interface %s' % intf + opts
def bridgeOpts( self ):
"Return OVS bridge options"
opts = ( ' other_config:datapath-id=%s' % self.dpid +
' fail_mode=%s' % self.failMode )
if not self.inband:
opts += ' other-config:disable-in-band=true'
if self.datapath == 'user':
opts += ' datapath_type=netdev'
if self.protocols and not self.isOldOVS():
opts += ' protocols=%s' % self.protocols
if self.stp and self.failMode == 'standalone':
opts += ' stp_enable=true'
opts += ' other-config:dp-desc=%s' % self.name
return opts
def start( self, controllers ):
"Start up a new OVS OpenFlow switch using ovs-vsctl"
if self.inNamespace:
raise Exception(
'OVS kernel switch does not work in a namespace' )
int( self.dpid, 16 ) # DPID must be a hex string
# Command to add interfaces
intfs = ''.join( ' -- add-port %s %s' % ( self, intf ) +
self.intfOpts( intf )
for intf in self.intfList()
if self.ports[ intf ] and not intf.IP() )
# Command to create controller entries
clist = [ ( self.name + c.name, '%s:%s:%d' %
( c.protocol, c.IP(), c.port ) )
for c in controllers ]
if self.listenPort:
clist.append( ( self.name + '-listen',
'ptcp:%s' % self.listenPort ) )
ccmd = '-- --id=@%s create Controller target=\\"%s\\"'
if self.reconnectms:
ccmd += ' max_backoff=%d' % self.reconnectms
cargs = ' '.join( ccmd % ( name, target )
for name, target in clist )
# Controller ID list
cids = ','.join( '@%s' % name for name, _target in clist )
# Try to delete any existing bridges with the same name
if not self.isOldOVS():
cargs += ' -- --if-exists del-br %s' % self
# One ovs-vsctl command to rule them all!
self.vsctl( cargs +
' -- add-br %s' % self +
' -- set bridge %s controller=[%s]' % ( self, cids ) +
self.bridgeOpts() +
intfs )
# If necessary, restore TC config overwritten by OVS
if not self.batch:
for intf in self.intfList():
self.TCReapply( intf )
# This should be ~ int( quietRun( 'getconf ARG_MAX' ) ),
# but the real limit seems to be much lower
argmax = 128000
@classmethod
def batchStartup( cls, switches, run=errRun ):
"""Batch startup for OVS
switches: switches to start up
run: function to run commands (errRun)"""
info( '...' )
cmds = 'ovs-vsctl'
for switch in switches:
if switch.isOldOVS():
# Ideally we'd optimize this also
run( 'ovs-vsctl del-br %s' % switch )
for cmd in switch.commands:
cmd = cmd.strip()
# Don't exceed ARG_MAX
if len( cmds ) + len( cmd ) >= cls.argmax:
run( cmds, shell=True )
cmds = 'ovs-vsctl'
cmds += ' ' + cmd
switch.cmds = []
switch.batch = False
if cmds:
run( cmds, shell=True )
# Reapply link config if necessary...
for switch in switches:
for intf in switch.intfs.values():
if isinstance( intf, TCIntf ):
intf.config( **intf.params )
return switches
def stop( self, deleteIntfs=True ):
"""Terminate OVS switch.
deleteIntfs: delete interfaces? (True)"""
self.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br', self )
if self.datapath == 'user':
self.cmd( 'ip link del', self )
super( OVSSwitch, self ).stop( deleteIntfs )
@classmethod
def batchShutdown( cls, switches, run=errRun ):
"Shut down a list of OVS switches"
delcmd = 'del-br %s'
if switches and not switches[ 0 ].isOldOVS():
delcmd = '--if-exists ' + delcmd
# First, delete them all from ovsdb
run( 'ovs-vsctl ' +
' -- '.join( delcmd % s for s in switches ) )
# Next, shut down all of the processes
pids = ' '.join( str( switch.pid ) for switch in switches )
run( 'kill -HUP ' + pids )
for switch in switches:
switch.terminate()
return switches
OVSKernelSwitch = OVSSwitch
class OVSBridge( OVSSwitch ):
"OVSBridge is an OVSSwitch in standalone/bridge mode"
def __init__( self, *args, **kwargs ):
"""stp: enable Spanning Tree Protocol (False)
see OVSSwitch for other options"""
kwargs.update( failMode='standalone' )
OVSSwitch.__init__( self, *args, **kwargs )
def start( self, controllers ):
"Start bridge, ignoring controllers argument"
OVSSwitch.start( self, controllers=[] )
def connected( self ):
"Are we forwarding yet?"
if self.stp:
status = self.dpctl( 'show' )
return 'STP_FORWARD' in status and 'STP_LEARN' not in status
else:
return True
class IVSSwitch( Switch ):
"Indigo Virtual Switch"
def __init__( self, name, verbose=False, **kwargs ):
Switch.__init__( self, name, **kwargs )
self.verbose = verbose
@classmethod
def setup( cls ):
"Make sure IVS is installed"
pathCheck( 'ivs-ctl', 'ivs',
moduleName="Indigo Virtual Switch (projectfloodlight.org)" )
out, err, exitcode = errRun( 'ivs-ctl show' )
if exitcode:
error( out + err +
'ivs-ctl exited with code %d\n' % exitcode +
'*** The openvswitch kernel module might '
'not be loaded. Try modprobe openvswitch.\n' )
exit( 1 )
@classmethod
def batchShutdown( cls, switches ):
"Kill each IVS switch, to be waited on later in stop()"
for switch in switches:
switch.cmd( 'kill %ivs' )
return switches
def start( self, controllers ):
"Start up a new IVS switch"
args = ['ivs']
args.extend( ['--name', self.name] )
args.extend( ['--dpid', self.dpid] )
if self.verbose:
args.extend( ['--verbose'] )
for intf in self.intfs.values():
if not intf.IP():
args.extend( ['-i', intf.name] )
for c in controllers:
args.extend( ['-c', '%s:%d' % (c.IP(), c.port)] )
if self.listenPort:
args.extend( ['--listen', '127.0.0.1:%i' % self.listenPort] )
args.append( self.opts )
logfile = '/tmp/ivs.%s.log' % self.name
self.cmd( ' '.join(args) + ' >' + logfile + ' 2>&1 </dev/null &' )
def stop( self, deleteIntfs=True ):
"""Terminate IVS switch.
deleteIntfs: delete interfaces? (True)"""
self.cmd( 'kill %ivs' )
self.cmd( 'wait' )
super( IVSSwitch, self ).stop( deleteIntfs )
def attach( self, intf ):
"Connect a data port"
self.cmd( 'ivs-ctl', 'add-port', '--datapath', self.name, intf )
def detach( self, intf ):
"Disconnect a data port"
self.cmd( 'ivs-ctl', 'del-port', '--datapath', self.name, intf )
def dpctl( self, *args ):
"Run dpctl command"
if not self.listenPort:
return "can't run dpctl without passive listening port"
return self.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl ' + ' '.join( args ) +
' tcp:127.0.0.1:%i' % self.listenPort )
class Controller( Node ):
"""A Controller is a Node that is running (or has execed?) an
OpenFlow controller."""
def __init__( self, name, inNamespace=False, command='controller',
cargs='ptcp:%d', cdir=None, ip="127.0.0.1",
port=6653, protocol='tcp', verbose=False, **params ):
self.command = command
self.cargs = cargs
if verbose:
cargs = '-v ' + cargs
self.cdir = cdir
# Accept 'ip:port' syntax as shorthand
if ':' in ip:
ip, port = ip.split( ':' )
port = int( port )
self.ip = ip
self.port = port
self.protocol = protocol
Node.__init__( self, name, inNamespace=inNamespace,
ip=ip, **params )
self.checkListening()
def checkListening( self ):
"Make sure no controllers are running on our port"
# Verify that Telnet is installed first:
out, _err, returnCode = errRun( "which telnet" )
if 'telnet' not in out or returnCode != 0:
raise Exception( "Error running telnet to check for listening "
"controllers; please check that it is "
"installed." )
listening = self.cmd( "echo A | telnet -e A %s %d" %
( self.ip, self.port ) )
if 'Connected' in listening:
servers = self.cmd( 'netstat -natp' ).split( '\n' )
pstr = ':%d ' % self.port
clist = servers[ 0:1 ] + [ s for s in servers if pstr in s ]
raise Exception( "Please shut down the controller which is"
" running on port %d:\n" % self.port +
'\n'.join( clist ) )
def start( self ):
"""Start <controller> <args> on controller.
Log to /tmp/cN.log"""
pathCheck( self.command )
cout = '/tmp/' + self.name + '.log'
if self.cdir is not None:
self.cmd( 'cd ' + self.cdir )
self.cmd( self.command + ' ' + self.cargs % self.port +
' 1>' + cout + ' 2>' + cout + ' &' )
self.execed = False
# pylint: disable=arguments-differ,signature-differs
def stop( self, *args, **kwargs ):
"Stop controller."
self.cmd( 'kill %' + self.command )
self.cmd( 'wait %' + self.command )
super( Controller, self ).stop( *args, **kwargs )
def IP( self, intf=None ):
"Return IP address of the Controller"
if self.intfs:
ip = Node.IP( self, intf )
else:
ip = self.ip
return ip
def __repr__( self ):
"More informative string representation"
return '<%s %s: %s:%s pid=%s> ' % (
self.__class__.__name__, self.name,
self.IP(), self.port, self.pid )
@classmethod
def isAvailable( cls ):
"Is controller available?"
return which( 'controller' )
class OVSController( Controller ):
"Open vSwitch controller"
def __init__( self, name, **kwargs ):
kwargs.setdefault( 'command', self.isAvailable() or
'ovs-controller' )
Controller.__init__( self, name, **kwargs )
@classmethod
def isAvailable( cls ):
return (which( 'ovs-controller' ) or
which( 'test-controller' ) or
which( 'ovs-testcontroller' ))
class NOX( Controller ):
"Controller to run a NOX application."
def __init__( self, name, *noxArgs, **kwargs ):
"""Init.
name: name to give controller
noxArgs: arguments (strings) to pass to NOX"""
if not noxArgs:
warn( 'warning: no NOX modules specified; '
'running packetdump only\n' )
noxArgs = [ 'packetdump' ]
elif not isinstance( noxArgs, ( list, tuple ) ):
noxArgs = [ noxArgs ]
if 'NOX_CORE_DIR' not in os.environ:
exit( 'exiting; please set missing NOX_CORE_DIR env var' )
noxCoreDir = os.environ[ 'NOX_CORE_DIR' ]
Controller.__init__( self, name,
command=noxCoreDir + '/nox_core',
cargs='--libdir=/usr/local/lib -v '
'-i ptcp:%s ' +
' '.join( noxArgs ),
cdir=noxCoreDir,
**kwargs )
class Ryu( Controller ):
"Ryu OpenFlow Controller"
def __init__( self, name, ryuArgs='ryu.app.simple_switch',
command='ryu run', **kwargs ):
"""Init.
name: name to give controller.
ryuArgs: modules to pass to Ryu (ryu.app.simple_switch)
command: command to run Ryu ('ryu run')"""
if isinstance( ryuArgs, ( list, tuple ) ):
ryuArgs = ' '.join( ryuArgs )
cargs = kwargs.pop(
'cargs', ryuArgs + ' --ofp-tcp-listen-port %s' )
Controller.__init__( self, name, command=command,
cargs=cargs, **kwargs )
class RemoteController( Controller ):
"Controller running outside of Mininet's control."
def __init__( self, name, ip='127.0.0.1',
port=None, **kwargs):
"""Init.
name: name to give controller
ip: the IP address where the remote controller is
listening
port: the port where the remote controller is listening"""
Controller.__init__( self, name, ip=ip, port=port, **kwargs )
def start( self ):
"Overridden to do nothing."
return
# pylint: disable=arguments-differ
def stop( self ):
"Overridden to do nothing."
return
def checkListening( self ):
"Warn if remote controller is not accessible"
if self.port is not None:
self.isListening( self.ip, self.port )
else:
for port in 6653, 6633:
if self.isListening( self.ip, port ):
self.port = port
info( "Connecting to remote controller"
" at %s:%d\n" % ( self.ip, self.port ))
break
if self.port is None:
self.port = 6653
warn( "Setting remote controller"
" to %s:%d\n" % ( self.ip, self.port ))
def isListening( self, ip, port ):
"Check if a remote controller is listening at a specific ip and port"
listening = self.cmd( "echo A | telnet -e A %s %d" % ( ip, port ) )
if 'Connected' not in listening:
warn( "Unable to contact the remote controller"
" at %s:%d\n" % ( ip, port ) )
return False
else:
return True
DefaultControllers = ( Controller, OVSController )
def findController( controllers=DefaultControllers ):
"Return first available controller from list, if any"
for controller in controllers:
if controller.isAvailable():
return controller
return None
def DefaultController( name, controllers=DefaultControllers, **kwargs ):
"Find a controller that is available and instantiate it"
controller = findController( controllers )
if not controller:
raise Exception( 'Could not find a default OpenFlow controller' )
return controller( name, **kwargs )
def NullController( *_args, **_kwargs ):
"Nonexistent controller - simply returns None"
return None